The ancestral flower of angiosperms and its early diversification
Identifieur interne : 000242 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000241; suivant : 000243The ancestral flower of angiosperms and its early diversification
Auteurs : Hervé Sauquet [France] ; Maria Von Balthazar [Autriche] ; Susana Magall N ; James A. Doyle [États-Unis] ; Peter K. Endress [Suisse] ; Emily J. Bailes [Royaume-Uni] ; Erica Barroso De Morais [Suisse] ; Kester Bull-Here U [Chili] ; Laetitia Carrive [France] ; Marion Chartier [Autriche] ; Guillaume Chomicki [Allemagne] ; Mario Coiro [Suisse] ; Raphaël Cornette [France] ; Juliana H. L. El Ottra [Brésil] ; Cyril Epicoco [France] ; Charles S. P. Foster [Australie] ; Florian Jabbour [France] ; Agathe Haevermans [France] ; Thomas Haevermans [France] ; Rebeca Hernández ; Stefan A. Little [France] ; Stefan Löfstrand [Autriche] ; Javier A. Luna [Royaume-Uni] ; Julien Massoni [Suisse] ; Sophie Nadot [France] ; Susanne Pamperl [Autriche] ; Charlotte Prieu [France] ; Elisabeth Reyes [France] ; Patrícia Dos Santos [Portugal] ; Kristel M. Schoonderwoerd [États-Unis] ; Susanne Sontag [Autriche] ; Anaëlle Soulebeau [France] ; Yannick Staedler [Autriche] ; Georg F. Tschan [Suède] ; Amy Wing-Sze Leung [République populaire de Chine] ; Jürg Schönenberger [Autriche]Source :
- Nature Communications [ 2041-1723 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular phylogenetics and a series of important palaeobotanical discoveries have revolutionized our understanding of angiosperm diversification. Yet, the origin and early evolution of their most characteristic feature, the flower, remains poorly understood. In particular, the structure of the ancestral flower of all living angiosperms is still uncertain. Here we report model-based reconstructions for ancestral flowers at the deepest nodes in the phylogeny of angiosperms, using the largest data set of floral traits ever assembled. We reconstruct the ancestral angiosperm flower as bisexual and radially symmetric, with more than two whorls of three separate perianth organs each (undifferentiated tepals), more than two whorls of three separate stamens each, and more than five spirally arranged separate carpels. Although uncertainty remains for some of the characters, our reconstruction allows us to propose a new plausible scenario for the early diversification of flowers, leading to new testable hypotheses for future research on angiosperms.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16047
PubMed: 28763051
PubMed Central: 5543309
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Australie, Autriche, Brésil, Chili, France, Portugal, Royaume-Uni, République populaire de Chine, Suisse, Suède, États-Unis
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Tschan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a16"><institution>Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg</institution>, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22B, Göteborg 413 19,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wing Sze Leung, Amy" sort="Wing Sze Leung, Amy" uniqKey="Wing Sze Leung A" first="Amy" last="Wing-Sze Leung">Amy Wing-Sze Leung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a17"><institution>School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schonenberger, Jurg" sort="Schonenberger, Jurg" uniqKey="Schonenberger J" first="Jürg" last="Schönenberger">Jürg Schönenberger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna</institution>, Rennweg 14, Vienna 1030,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">28763051</idno><idno type="pmc">5543309</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5543309</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5543309</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/ncomms16047</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000799</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000799</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000798</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000798</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000055</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000055</idno><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000807</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000807</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000804</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000804</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000804</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000804</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">004C20</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">004C20</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">004C20</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000237</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000242</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000242</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The ancestral flower of angiosperms and its early diversification</title><author><name sortKey="Sauquet, Herve" sort="Sauquet, Herve" uniqKey="Sauquet H" first="Hervé" last="Sauquet">Hervé Sauquet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Laboratoire Écologie, Systématique, Évolution, Université Paris-Sud</institution>, CNRS UMR 8079, Orsay 91405,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Von Balthazar, Maria" sort="Von Balthazar, Maria" uniqKey="Von Balthazar M" first="Maria" last="Von Balthazar">Maria Von Balthazar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna</institution>, Rennweg 14, Vienna 1030,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magall N, Susana" sort="Magall N, Susana" uniqKey="Magall N S" first="Susana" last="Magall N">Susana Magall N</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán</institution>, México City 04510,<country>México</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">México</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doyle, James A" sort="Doyle, James A" uniqKey="Doyle J" first="James A." last="Doyle">James A. Doyle</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California</institution>, Davis, California 95616,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Endress, Peter K" sort="Endress, Peter K" uniqKey="Endress P" first="Peter K." last="Endress">Peter K. Endress</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich</institution>, Zurich 8008,<country>Switzerland</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bailes, Emily J" sort="Bailes, Emily J" uniqKey="Bailes E" first="Emily J." last="Bailes">Emily J. Bailes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a6"><institution>School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London</institution>, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barroso De Morais, Erica" sort="Barroso De Morais, Erica" uniqKey="Barroso De Morais E" first="Erica" last="Barroso De Morais">Erica Barroso De Morais</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich</institution>, Zurich 8008,<country>Switzerland</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bull Here U, Kester" sort="Bull Here U, Kester" uniqKey="Bull Here U K" first="Kester" last="Bull-Here U">Kester Bull-Here U</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a7"><institution>Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile</institution>, Alameda 340, Santiago,<country>Chile</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carrive, Laetitia" sort="Carrive, Laetitia" uniqKey="Carrive L" first="Laetitia" last="Carrive">Laetitia Carrive</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Laboratoire Écologie, Systématique, Évolution, Université Paris-Sud</institution>, CNRS UMR 8079, Orsay 91405,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chartier, Marion" sort="Chartier, Marion" uniqKey="Chartier M" first="Marion" last="Chartier">Marion Chartier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna</institution>, Rennweg 14, Vienna 1030,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chomicki, Guillaume" sort="Chomicki, Guillaume" uniqKey="Chomicki G" first="Guillaume" last="Chomicki">Guillaume Chomicki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a8"><institution>Systematic Botany and Mycology, Department of Biology, University of Munich LMU</institution>, Munich 80638,<country>Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coiro, Mario" sort="Coiro, Mario" uniqKey="Coiro M" first="Mario" last="Coiro">Mario Coiro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich</institution>, Zurich 8008,<country>Switzerland</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cornette, Raphael" sort="Cornette, Raphael" uniqKey="Cornette R" first="Raphaël" last="Cornette">Raphaël Cornette</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle</institution>, UMR 7205 ISYEB MNHN/CNRS/UPMC/EPHE, 57 rue Cuvier, CP39, Paris 75005,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Ottra, Juliana H L" sort="El Ottra, Juliana H L" uniqKey="El Ottra J" first="Juliana H. L." last="El Ottra">Juliana H. L. El Ottra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a10"><institution>Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão</institution>, 277. Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-090,<country>Brazil</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Epicoco, Cyril" sort="Epicoco, Cyril" uniqKey="Epicoco C" first="Cyril" last="Epicoco">Cyril Epicoco</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Laboratoire Écologie, Systématique, Évolution, Université Paris-Sud</institution>, CNRS UMR 8079, Orsay 91405,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Foster, Charles S P" sort="Foster, Charles S P" uniqKey="Foster C" first="Charles S. P." last="Foster">Charles S. P. Foster</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a11"><institution>School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney</institution>, Sydney, New South Wales 2006,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jabbour, Florian" sort="Jabbour, Florian" uniqKey="Jabbour F" first="Florian" last="Jabbour">Florian Jabbour</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle</institution>, UMR 7205 ISYEB MNHN/CNRS/UPMC/EPHE, 57 rue Cuvier, CP39, Paris 75005,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haevermans, Agathe" sort="Haevermans, Agathe" uniqKey="Haevermans A" first="Agathe" last="Haevermans">Agathe Haevermans</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle</institution>, UMR 7205 ISYEB MNHN/CNRS/UPMC/EPHE, 57 rue Cuvier, CP39, Paris 75005,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haevermans, Thomas" sort="Haevermans, Thomas" uniqKey="Haevermans T" first="Thomas" last="Haevermans">Thomas Haevermans</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle</institution>, UMR 7205 ISYEB MNHN/CNRS/UPMC/EPHE, 57 rue Cuvier, CP39, Paris 75005,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hernandez, Rebeca" sort="Hernandez, Rebeca" uniqKey="Hernandez R" first="Rebeca" last="Hernández">Rebeca Hernández</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán</institution>, México City 04510,<country>México</country></nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">México</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Little, Stefan A" sort="Little, Stefan A" uniqKey="Little S" first="Stefan A." last="Little">Stefan A. Little</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Laboratoire Écologie, Systématique, Évolution, Université Paris-Sud</institution>, CNRS UMR 8079, Orsay 91405,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lofstrand, Stefan" sort="Lofstrand, Stefan" uniqKey="Lofstrand S" first="Stefan" last="Löfstrand">Stefan Löfstrand</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna</institution>, Rennweg 14, Vienna 1030,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luna, Javier A" sort="Luna, Javier A" uniqKey="Luna J" first="Javier A." last="Luna">Javier A. Luna</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a12"><institution>Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh</institution>, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR,<country>UK</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Massoni, Julien" sort="Massoni, Julien" uniqKey="Massoni J" first="Julien" last="Massoni">Julien Massoni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a13"><institution>Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich</institution>, Zurich 8093,<country>Switzerland</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nadot, Sophie" sort="Nadot, Sophie" uniqKey="Nadot S" first="Sophie" last="Nadot">Sophie Nadot</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Laboratoire Écologie, Systématique, Évolution, Université Paris-Sud</institution>, CNRS UMR 8079, Orsay 91405,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pamperl, Susanne" sort="Pamperl, Susanne" uniqKey="Pamperl S" first="Susanne" last="Pamperl">Susanne Pamperl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna</institution>, Rennweg 14, Vienna 1030,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prieu, Charlotte" sort="Prieu, Charlotte" uniqKey="Prieu C" first="Charlotte" last="Prieu">Charlotte Prieu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Laboratoire Écologie, Systématique, Évolution, Université Paris-Sud</institution>, CNRS UMR 8079, Orsay 91405,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reyes, Elisabeth" sort="Reyes, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Reyes E" first="Elisabeth" last="Reyes">Elisabeth Reyes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Laboratoire Écologie, Systématique, Évolution, Université Paris-Sud</institution>, CNRS UMR 8079, Orsay 91405,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dos Santos, Patricia" sort="Dos Santos, Patricia" uniqKey="Dos Santos P" first="Patrícia" last="Dos Santos">Patrícia Dos Santos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a14"><institution>Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa</institution>, Lisboa 1749-016,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schoonderwoerd, Kristel M" sort="Schoonderwoerd, Kristel M" uniqKey="Schoonderwoerd K" first="Kristel M." last="Schoonderwoerd">Kristel M. Schoonderwoerd</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a15"><institution>Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University</institution>, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sontag, Susanne" sort="Sontag, Susanne" uniqKey="Sontag S" first="Susanne" last="Sontag">Susanne Sontag</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna</institution>, Rennweg 14, Vienna 1030,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soulebeau, Anaelle" sort="Soulebeau, Anaelle" uniqKey="Soulebeau A" first="Anaëlle" last="Soulebeau">Anaëlle Soulebeau</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a9"><institution>Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle</institution>, UMR 7205 ISYEB MNHN/CNRS/UPMC/EPHE, 57 rue Cuvier, CP39, Paris 75005,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Staedler, Yannick" sort="Staedler, Yannick" uniqKey="Staedler Y" first="Yannick" last="Staedler">Yannick Staedler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna</institution>, Rennweg 14, Vienna 1030,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tschan, Georg F" sort="Tschan, Georg F" uniqKey="Tschan G" first="Georg F." last="Tschan">Georg F. Tschan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a16"><institution>Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg</institution>, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22B, Göteborg 413 19,<country>Sweden</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wing Sze Leung, Amy" sort="Wing Sze Leung, Amy" uniqKey="Wing Sze Leung A" first="Amy" last="Wing-Sze Leung">Amy Wing-Sze Leung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a17"><institution>School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong,<country>China</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schonenberger, Jurg" sort="Schonenberger, Jurg" uniqKey="Schonenberger J" first="Jürg" last="Schönenberger">Jürg Schönenberger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna</institution>, Rennweg 14, Vienna 1030,<country>Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature Communications</title><idno type="eISSN">2041-1723</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Recent advances in molecular phylogenetics and a series of important palaeobotanical discoveries have revolutionized our understanding of angiosperm diversification. Yet, the origin and early evolution of their most characteristic feature, the flower, remains poorly understood. In particular, the structure of the ancestral flower of all living angiosperms is still uncertain. Here we report model-based reconstructions for ancestral flowers at the deepest nodes in the phylogeny of angiosperms, using the largest data set of floral traits ever assembled. We reconstruct the ancestral angiosperm flower as bisexual and radially symmetric, with more than two whorls of three separate perianth organs each (undifferentiated tepals), more than two whorls of three separate stamens each, and more than five spirally arranged separate carpels. Although uncertainty remains for some of the characters, our reconstruction allows us to propose a new plausible scenario for the early diversification of flowers, leading to new testable hypotheses for future research on angiosperms.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Magall N, S" uniqKey="Magall N S">S. Magallón</name></author><author><name sortKey="G Mez Acevedo, S" uniqKey="G Mez Acevedo S">S. Gómez-Acevedo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez Reyes, L L" uniqKey="Sanchez Reyes L">L. L. Sánchez-Reyes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hernandez Hernandez, T" uniqKey="Hernandez Hernandez T">T. Hernández-Hernández</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Beaulieu, J M" uniqKey="Beaulieu J">J. M. Beaulieu</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Eara, B C" uniqKey="O Eara B">B. C. O’Meara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crane, P" uniqKey="Crane P">P. Crane</name></author><author><name sortKey="Donoghue, M J" uniqKey="Donoghue M">M. J. Donoghue</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Foster, C S P" uniqKey="Foster C">C. S. P. Foster</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Doyle, J A" uniqKey="Doyle J">J. A. Doyle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Magall N, S" uniqKey="Magall N S">S. Magallón</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hilu, K W" uniqKey="Hilu K">K. W. Hilu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Quandt, D" uniqKey="Quandt D">D. Quandt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Friis, E M" uniqKey="Friis E">E. M. Friis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crane, P R" uniqKey="Crane P">P. R. Crane</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, K R" uniqKey="Pedersen K">K. R. 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Foster</name></noRegion></country><country name="Portugal"><noRegion><name sortKey="Dos Santos, Patricia" sort="Dos Santos, Patricia" uniqKey="Dos Santos P" first="Patrícia" last="Dos Santos">Patrícia Dos Santos</name></noRegion></country><country name="Suède"><noRegion><name sortKey="Tschan, Georg F" sort="Tschan, Georg F" uniqKey="Tschan G" first="Georg F." last="Tschan">Georg F. Tschan</name></noRegion></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wing Sze Leung, Amy" sort="Wing Sze Leung, Amy" uniqKey="Wing Sze Leung A" first="Amy" last="Wing-Sze Leung">Amy Wing-Sze Leung</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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